Coccidiosis vaccines

ABSTRACT

The present invention relates to hydrophilic  Eimeria  polypeptides, DNA-fragments encoding those peptides, recombinant DNA molecules comprising such DNA-fragments, live recombinant carriers comprising such DNA-fragments or recombinant DNA molecules and host cells comprising such DNA-fragments, recombinant DNA molecules or live recombinant carriers. Furthermore, the invention relates to antibodies against the polypeptides and to coccidiosis vaccines based upon said polypeptides. The invention also relates to methods for the preparation of such antibodies and vaccines, and to methods for the detection of  Eimeria  parasites and antibodies against  Eimeria  parasites.

The present invention relates to Eimeria polypeptides, DNA-fragmentsencoding those peptides, recombinant DNA molecules comprising suchfragments, live recombinant carriers comprising such fragments ormolecules, host cells comprising such fragments, molecules or carriers,antibodies against the polypeptide and coccidiosis vaccines. Theinvention also relates to methods for the preparation of such antibodiesand vaccines, and to methods for the detection of Eimeria parasites andantibodies against Eimeria parasites.

Parasitic protozoa belonging to the genus Eimeria are the causativeagents of intestinal coccidiosis, an enteritis which affects birds. Thiscauses significant economic loss, especially to the poultry industry.(For the purposes of the present application, the term “poultry” istaken to mean birds that serve as sources of eggs or meat. It includes,inter alia, chickens, turkeys, ducks, geese, guinea fowl, pheasants,pigeons and pea fowl). Nowadays, coccidiosis is mainly controlled by theuse of antibiotic drugs in the feed. The rapid emergence of drugresistant strains (Chapman H. D. Parasitology Today 9, 159-162 (1993))and the prohibitive costs of development and registration of a noveldrug have led to increased interest in the development of an alternativemethod of control. The development of effective vaccines has thereforebeen desirable for many years. However only partial success has beenobtained.

Currently available vaccination strategies consist of controlledinfections with either virulent or live attenuated parasites (Shirley M.W. In: Proceedings of the VIth. International Coccidiosis Conference(Eds.: J. R. Barta and M. A. Fernando) Moffitt Print Craft Ltd., Guelph.pp. 61-72 (1993)). For reasons of safety and cost, the most desirablemethod of immunoprophylaxis against coccidiosis appears to be the use ofa subunit vaccine. Although many attempts have been made to immunisechickens against coccidiosis with fractions of parasite material (MurrayP. K., Bhogal B. S., Crane M. S. J. & MacDonald T. T. In: Research inAvian Coccidiosis. Proceedings of the Georgia Coccidiosis Conference(Eds.: L. R. McDougald, Joyner L. P. and P. L. Long) Athens, Universityof Georgia. pp. 564-573 (1986), McKenzie M. E. & Long P. L. PoultryScience 65, 892-897 (1986)) or recombinant Eimeria polypeptides(Danforth H. D., Augustine P. C., Ruff M. D., McCandliss R., StrausbergR. L. & Likel M. Poultry Science 68,1643-1652 (1989), Jenkins M. C.,Augustine P. C., Danforth H. D. & Barta J. R. Infection and Immunity 59,4042-4048 (1991)) only limited protection against challenge infectioncould be achieved. The parasite stages responsible for the induction ofprotective immunity are generally thought to be early asexualdevelopmental stages (Jenkins et al. 1991). Initially, selection ofcandidate antigens was performed using antibodies from immune chickensbut, in view of the fundamental role of cell mediated responses inprotective immunity (reviewed in Lillehoj H. S. & Trout J. M. AvianPathology 22, 3-31 (1993), Rose M. E. In: Poultry Immunology (Ed.: T. F.Davison, T. R. Morris and L. N. Payne), Carfax Publishing Company,Oxfordshire, U. K. pp. 265-299 (1996), attention has now focused, nextto B-cell inducing antigens, on screening antigens for their ability tostimulate specific T-cell responses (Dunn P. P. J., Billington K.,Bumstead J. M. & Tomley F. M. Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology 70,211-215 (1995)).

It is an objective of the present invention to provide polypeptides thatare capable of inducing protection against the pathogenic effects ofEimeria infection in poultry.

It was now surprisingly found that 6 different polypeptides could bespecifically identified and isolated, essentially free from otherEimeria polypeptides, from a hydrophilic fraction of Eimeriapolypeptides, each of these different polypeptides being capable ofinducing an immune response against Eimeria parasites. The inventorshave found that these polypeptides can be used, either alone or incombination with each other, to provide a vaccine which gives asignificant degree of protection to birds (preferably poultry). Forexample, protection against the formation of cecal lesions can beachieved in birds immunised with such a vaccine, when subjected tosubsequent challenge with Eimeria parasites.

A first embodiment of the invention relates to a hydrophilic polypeptideof Eimeria that in its full-length form has a molecular weight of 25 kDand comprises an amino acid sequence that shares at least 70% homologywith the amino acid sequence

MPFELPPLPYPMDALEPYISKETLEYHYGKHHAAYVNNLNRLVEGKPEASKSLEEIIKTSSGSVLNNAGQAWNHTFYWKSMRPASAGGPPGAPGGGPPGAPGAPLREELESAFGGVEKFREAFAAAAAAHFGSGWAWLCFCKKSRSLFLLQTHDGATPFRDNPNCAPLLTCDLWEHAYYIDRRNDRKSYLDAWWSWNWDFANENLKKAMQGSD (further referred to as SEQID NO: 1:) and immunogenic fragments of that polypeptide capable ofinducing an immune response against said polypeptide. The polypeptide isfunctionally related to a Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) found innon-Eimeria parasites and is therefore characterised as SOD-like.

Also, this embodiment relates to a hydrophilic polypeptide of Eimeriathat is a peroxidoxin-like polypeptide, in its full-length form has amolecular weight of 22 kD and comprises an amino acid sequence thatshares at least 70% homology with the amino acid sequence LGPLALPLLADVR(further referred to as SEQ ID NO: 2:), and immunogenic fragments of thepolypeptide capable of inducing an immune response against thatpolypeptide.

A hydrophilic polypeptide of Eimeria that is a peroxidoxin-likepolypeptide, in its full-length form has a molecular weight of 25 kD andcomprises an amino acid sequence that shares at least 70% homology withthe amino acid sequenceMPLNLGDSFPDFQAEALGAEHFRLHEYLGDSWGVMFSHPNDFTPVCTTELAEAVKLQDSFTKKNCKLVGFSCNDLQSHREWAKDIMAYAGRSGNLPFPLVCDPNRELMSLGIMDPAEKDKKGLPLTCRCVFFISPEKKLMSILYPATTGRNFAEILRVLDSLQLTAKFPVATPVDWTAGAKCCWPNLMEEAQRLLPKGHEALQLPSGKPYLRLTPDPRG (further referred to asSEQ ID NO: 3:), as well as immunogenic fragments of the polypeptidecapable of inducing an immune response against that polypeptide are alsopart of this embodiment.

Also part of this embodiment is a hydrophilic polypeptide of Eimeriathat in its full-length form has a molecular weight of 22 kD andcomprises an amino acid sequence that shares at least 70% homology withthe amino acid sequence MSPSPAGVAEYLASL (further referred to as SEQ IDNO: 4:), or an immunogenic fragment of that polypeptide capable ofinducing an immune response against said polypeptide.

This embodiment also includes a triosephosphate isomerase-likehydrophilic polypeptide of Eimeria that in its full-length form has amolecular weight of 28 kD and comprises an amino acid sequence thatshares at least 70% homology with the amino acid sequenceNHAEFDPSQTEVVVFP (further referred to as SEQ ID NO: 5:), or animmunogenic fragment of that polypeptide capable of inducing an immuneresponse against said polypeptide.

Finally, this embodiment relates to a hydrophilic polypeptide of Eimeriathat in its full-length form has a molecular weight of 28 kD andcomprises an amino acid sequence that shares at least 70% homology withthe amino acid sequence VDSFTPSVGCVFAGMPADFR (further referred to as SEQID NO: 6:), or an immunogenic fragment of that polypeptide capable ofinducing an immune response against said polypeptide.

Although various groups have disclosed Eimeria derived proteins whichmight, by chance, have molecular masses within the 26-30 kDa±5 kDa rangedisclosed above, these proteins are quite different from thepolypeptides of the present invention.

For example, in EP-A-0231537 (Newman et al) a 25 kDa surface protein isdisclosed. However under reducing conditions this splits to form twobands on SDS-PAGE of about 17 and about 8 kDa, whereas the polypeptidesof the present invention had relative molecular masses of at least 21kDa when separated under reducing conditions.

Bouvier et al (J. Biol. Chem. (1985) 260(29); pp15504-15509) teach thatusing Triton X114 extraction amphiphilic proteins (membrane-associated)are only detected in the detergent phase and not in the hydrophilicphase.

In U.S. Pat. No. 4,710,377 (Schenkel et al) antigens are disclosed withmolecular masses of about 28 and 26 kDa. However these are amphiphilicouter-membrane components and would not therefore be present in thehydrophilic phase of a Triton X-114 extract which could be used toprepare polypeptides of the present invention.

Eimeria proteins that are amphiphilic are also disclosed in WO92/04461(Jacobson et al), EP-A-0324648 (Liberator et al), AU-A-28542/49 (Turneret al), EP-A-0344808 (Alternburger et al) and EP-A-0167443 (Murray etal).

It will be understood that, for the particular hydrophilic polypeptidesembraced herein, natural variations can exist between individual Eimeriaparasites or strains. These variations may exist in (an) amino aciddifference(s) in the overall sequence or by deletions, substitutions,insertions, inversions or additions of (an) amino acid(s) in saidsequence. Amino acid substitutions which do not essentially alterbiological and immunological activities, have been described, e.g. byNeurath et al in “The Proteins” Academic Press New York (1979). Aminoacid replacements between related amino acids or replacements which haveoccurred frequently in evolution are, inter alia, Ser/Ala, Ser/Gly,Asp/Gly, Asp/Asn, IIe/Val (see Dayhof, M. D., Atlas of protein sequenceand structure, Nat. Biomed. Res. Found., Washington D.C., 1978, vol. 5,suppl. 3). Other amino acid substitutions include Asp/Glu, Thr/Ser,Ala/Gly, Ala/Thr, Ser/Asn, Ala/Val, Thr/Phe, Ala/Pro, Lys/Arg, Leu/Ile,Leu/Val and Ala/Glu. Based on this information, Lipman and Pearsondeveloped a method for rapid and sensitive protein comparison (Science,227, 1435-1441, 1985) and determining the functional similarity betweenhomologous proteins. Such amino acid substitutions of the exemplaryembodiments of this invention are within the scope of the invention aslong as the resulting polypeptides retain their immunoreactivity. Thus,natural variations not essentially influencing the immunogenicity of thepolypeptide compared to the wild-type polypeptide, are consideredimmunologically equivalent variants of the polypeptides according to theinvention.

Therefore, a polypeptide having a variant amino acid sequence, that hasat least 70% homology to respectively the amino acid sequence

MPFELPPLPYPMDALEPYISKETLEYHYGKHHMYVNNLNRLVEGKPEASKSLEEIIKTSSGSVLNNAGQAWNHTFYWKSMRPASAGGPPGAPGGGPPGAPGAPLREELESAFGGVEKFREAFAAAAAAHFGSGWAWLCFCKKSRSLFLLQTHDGATPFRDNPNCAPLLTCDLWEHAYYIDRRNDRKSYLDAWWSWNWDFANENLKKAMQGSD, LGPLALPLLADVR,

MPLNLGDSFPDFQAEALGAEHFRLHEYLGDSWGVMFSHPNDFTPVCTTELAEAVKLQDSFTKKNCKLVGFSCNDLQSHREWAKDIMAYAGRSGNLPFPLVCDPNRELMSLGIMDPAEKDKKGLPLTCRCVFFISPEKKLMSILYPATTGRNFAEILRVLDSLQLTAKFPVATPVDWTAGAKCCWPNLMEEAQRLLPKGHEALQLPSGKPYLRLTPDPRG, MSPSPAGVAEYLASL,NHAEFDPSQTEVVVFP and VDSFTPSVGCVFAGMPADFR as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 1-6is also considered to fall within the scope of the invention.

The level of homology is defined by the following formula: H=m/n×100%,wherein H is the percentage homology, m is the number of identical aminoacids in the sequence and n is the total number of amino acids. Theamino acid sequence ABCDEEGHIJK, when compared to ABCDEFGHIJK, wouldthen be 10/11×100%=90.9% homologous. The amino acid sequence ABCDEGHIJKwould also be 10/11×100%=90.9% homologous: there would just be a gap atthe spot where one sequence has the F and the other sequence has not.

When a polypeptide is used for e.g. vaccination purposes or for raisingantibodies, it is however not necessary to use the whole polypeptide. Itis also possible to use a fragment of that polypeptide that is capableof inducing an immune response against that polypeptide, a so-calledimmunogenic fragment.

An “immunogenic fragment” is understood to be a fragment of thefull-length protein, that still has retained its capability to induce animmune response in the host. At this moment, a variety of techniques isavailable to easily identify antigenic fragments (determinants). Themethod described by Geysen et al (Patent Application WO 84/03564, PatentApplication WO 86/06487, US Patent NR. 4,833,092, Proc. Natl Acad. Sci.81: 3998-4002 (1984), J. 1 mm. Meth. 102, 259-274 (1987), the so-calledPEPSCAN method is an easy to perform, quick and well-established methodfor the detection of epitopes; the immunologically important regions ofthe protein, used world-wide and as such well-known to man skilled inthe art. This (empirical) method is especially suitable for thedetection of B-cell epitopes. Also, given the sequence of the geneencoding any protein, computer algorithms are able to designate specificpolypeptide fragments as the immunologically important epitopes on thebasis of their sequential and/or structural homology with epitopes thatare now known. The determination of these regions is based on acombination of the hydrophilicity criteria according to Hopp and Woods(Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 78: 38248-3828 (1981)), and the secondarystructure aspects according to Chou and Fasman (Advances in Enzymology47: 45-148 (1987) and U.S. Pat. No. 4,554,101).

T-cell epitopes can likewise be predicted from the sequence by computerwith the aid of Berzofsky's amphiphilicity criterion (Science 235,1059-1062 (1987) and U.S. Patent application NTIS US 07/005,885). Acondensed overview is found in: Shan Lu on common principles: Tibtech 9:238-242 (1991), Good et al on Malaria epitopes; Science 235: 1059-1062(1987), Lu for a review; Vaccine 10: 3-7 (1992), Berzofsky forHIV-epitopes; The FASEB Journal 5:2412-2418 (1991)

Therefore, this embodiment of the invention not only relates topolypeptides according to the invention, but also to fragments of thosepolypeptides that are still capable of inducing an immune responseagainst the polypeptides (so-called immunogenic fragments).

In a preferred form of this embodiment, a hydrophilic polypeptide isprovided, that comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least 80%homologous to the sequence given in one of the SEQ ID NO: 1-6.

In a more preferred form of this embodiment, the amino acid sequence isat least 90% homologous to the sequence given in one of the SEQ ID NO:1-6.

In an even more preferred form of this embodiment, the amino acidsequence is the sequence given in one of the SEQ ID NO: 1-6.

Preferably the polypeptide according to the invention is isolated fromEimeria tenella.

Another embodiment of the invention relates to DNA fragments encoding apolypeptide of the present invention or immunogenic fragments thereof.Since for the first time the partial amino acid sequence of thepolypeptides according to the invention is now provided, man skilled inthe art can (using the genetic code table found in biochemistrytextbooks as e.g. in Lubert Stryer's Biochemistry, Ed. Freeman andCompany, New York) easily prepare a mixed DNA probe and select the geneencoding the polypeptide according to the invention from Eimeria.

There may be minor variations in the overall nucleotide sequence of theDNA encoding the polypeptides according to the invention in therespective Eimeria strains. These variations may have no effect on theamino acid sequence of the polypeptide, in case that the modification issuch that the variant triplet codes for the same amino acid. This causeof variation is based upon the phenomenon of degeneracy of the geneticcode. It happens e.g. that due to natural mutation the G in the tripletCTG, coding for the amino acid Leucine, is replaced by a C, also codingfor Leucine, or that the A in GAA coding for glutamic acid is replacedby a G, which triplet still encodes glutamic acid. Such a mutation is asilent mutation, i.e. it does not show at the amino acid level. Suchsilent modifications are very frequently found in nature, when comparinge.g. two different field isolates of Eimeria. This phenomenon is foundfor all amino acids, except Met and Trp. Thus, it is obvious, that thepolypeptides of the present invention can be encoded by a very largevariety of other sequences, all encoding the identical polypeptide. Ittherefore goes without saying that any nucleic acid sequence encoding apolypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence that is at least 70%homologous to the amino acid sequence as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 1-6 ofthe present invention or an immunogenic fragment thereof is alsoconsidered to fall within the scope of the invention.

Merely for the purpose of giving an example, all possible probes fordetecting the gene encoding the 25 kD SOD-like hydrophilic Eimeriapolypeptide comprising i.a. the amino acid sequence YLDAWWSVVNWDFANENLK(part of SEQ ID NO: 1:) are given in SEQ ID NO: 7-38. In these SEQ IDs,all possible nucleic acid sequences are listed that code for the aminoacid sequence VNWDFA of SEQ ID NO: 1:. Of the 32 probes, one has bydefinition a perfect fit with each DNA fragment comprising a nucleicacid sequence encoding a polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequenceof SEQ ID NO: 1.

As described i.a. in Maniatis/Sambrook (Sambrook, J. et al. Molecularcloning: a laboratory manual. ISBN 0-87969-309-6) hybridisation ofprobes to DNA is done at 12° C. below Tm, where T=69.3+0.41×(G+C)%−650/L(L=length of the probe). That means that under stringent conditions (ahybridisation temperature of between 38 and 48 degrees Celsius), thegene encoding a polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ IDNO: 1 can always be picked up selectively and free from falsehybridisation signals, using the probes of SEQ ID NO: 7-38. Such mixedprobes very easily made using standard procedures in e.g. one of themany commercially available automatic DNA synthesizers.

For the reasons given above, especially a mixed DNA probe encoding thewhole amino acid sequence of one of the amino acid sequences given inSEQ ID NO: 1-6 can be used to detect the genes encoding the polypeptidesaccording to the invention in Eimeria.

Identification and cloning of the genes encoding the polypeptidesaccording to the invention in Eimeria, not only for tenella but also forthe other species, can easily be done as follows: first strand cDNA canbe hybridised with both a mixed probe for one of the polypeptidesaccording to the invention and an oligo-dT probe. The DNA fragmentbetween both probes can then be multiplied in a standard PCR reaction.(PCR-techniques are e.g. described in Maniatis/Sambrook (Sambrook, J.Molecular cloning: a laboratory manual. ISBN 0-87969-309-6)). The PCRfragment can then be cloned into a plasmid and e.g. be used forsequencing or for detection of the full length gene in the genome of anyEimeria species.

This method allows an easy and straightforward selection and sequencingof the genes encoding the polypeptides according to the invention, notonly from Eimeria tenella but also from other Eimeria species such asnecatrix, brunetti, mitis or acervulina.

Thus, in another embodiment, the invention relates to a DNA fragmentcomprising a nucleotide sequence encoding a polypeptide according to theinvention or an immunogenic fragment thereof.

The mixed probe method described above for the detection of the DNAsencoding the various polypeptides according to the invention has e.g.been used to obtain the DNA encoding the 25 kD SOD-like polypeptideaccording to the invention in Eimeria tenella. Using the methoddescribed in the Examples, a DNA fragment encoding practically the whole25 kD SOD-like polypeptide of Eimeria tenella could be isolated, clonedand sequenced. The sequence of that DNA-fragment was found to beATGCCGTTCGAACTCCCCCCGCTGCCGTACCCCATGGACGCCCTCGAGCCGTACATCAGCAAAGAGACTCTCGAGTACCACTATGGGGAACACCACGCGGCTTACGTGAACAACTTGAACAGACTCGTCGAGGGGAAGCCGGAGGCTTCCAAGAGCCTGGAGGAAATTAAAGACCTCCTCGGGGTCGGTGCTGMCMCGCGGGCCAGGCGTGGAACCACACGTTCTACTGGAAGTCGATGCGGCCGGCCTCGGCGGGGGGCCCCCCGGGGGCCCCCGGCGGGGGCCCCCCGGGGGCCCCGGGGGCCCCCCTGCGGGAGGAGCTGGAGAGCGCGTTCGGGGGCGTGGAGAAGTTCCGGGAGGCCTTTGCTGCTGCTGCTGCTGCGCACTTCGGCTCGGGCTGGGCCTGGCTCTGCTTCTGCAAGAAGTCCCGCAGCCTCTTTTTGCTAACAGACCCACGACGGGGCCACGCCTTTCAGAGACAACCCCAACTGCGCGCCGCTGCTCACCTGCGACCTGTGGGAGCACGCCTACTACATCGACCGCAGAAACGACCGGCCMGAGCTACCTCGACGCGTGGTGGTCTGTGGTGAATTGGGACTTCGCGMCGAGAACTTGAAGAAGGCAATGCAGGGAAGCGACTAGGCGCGTGGTGGTCTGTGGTGAATTGGGACTTCGCGAACGAGAACTTGAAGAAGGCAATGCAGGGAAGCGACTAG

and will be further referred to as SEQ ID NO: 39:

Therefore a preferred form of this embodiment relates to a DNA fragmentcomprising a nucleotide sequence as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 39:

The mixed probe method was also used to obtain the DNA encoding the 25kD peroxidoxin-like polypeptide according to the invention in Eimeriatenella. Using the method described in the Examples, a DNA fragmentencoding a large part of the whole 25 kD peroxidoxin-like polypeptide ofEimeria tenella could be isolated, cloned and sequenced. In addition,the genomic sequence, i.e. the sequence of the part of the gene as foundin the Eimeria tenella genome was found to be

TTCCCGGATTTTCAGGCGGAGGCGCTGGGCGCCGAGCACTTCCGCTTGCACGAGTACTTGGGGGACAGCTGGGGAGTGATGTTCAGgtaagattggcgtaaaaaagccccatttaatcgcatttttaattctgtagactctgtgtcgactgctgagcacgaggggggggcctgctgcacgggagagcctgtctcgcgctcaactctgggtttctggcgttgcttgcagCCACCCGAACGACTTCACCCCCGTCTGCACCACCGA. Thissequence is further referred to as SEQ ID NO: 40:

Upper case letters indicate the sequence also found in the mRNA, smallletters indicate the intron in the gene.

Therefore another preferred form of this embodiment relates to a DNAfragment comprising a nucleotide sequence as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 40:

The cDNA encoding the mRNA for this polypeptide was also detected usingthe mixed probe approach. This cDNA was sequenced and found to have thefollowing sequence:

ATGCCGTTGAACTTGGGAGATTCCTTTCCAGACTTCCAGGCGGAGGCGCTGGGCGCCGAGCACTTCCGCTTGCACGAGTACTTGGGGGACAGCTGGGGAGTGATGTTCAGCCACCCGAACGACTTCACTCCCGTTTGCACAACGGAGCTCGCCGAAGCCGTGAAGCTCCAGGACTCCTTCACGAAGAAGAACTGCAAACTCGTTGGCTTCTCCTGCAACGACCTGCAGAGCCACAGAGAATGGGCGAAGGATATAATGGCCTATGCAGGCCGATCTGGGAACTTGCCGTTTCCCCTCGTTTGCGACCCCAATAGGGAACTGGCCGCGAGTTTGGGAATTATGGATCCTGCAGAAAAGGACAAAAAGGGGCTGCCTTTGACTTGCCGCTGCGTCTTTTTCATMGTCCGAGAGAAGAAGCTCGCGGCCTCTATTTTGTACCCGGCTACCACCGGGAGAAACTTCGCGGAAATCCTTAGGGTCCTGGACTCTCTGCAGCTCACTGCCAAGTTTCCAGTGGCCACTCCAGTGGACTGGACCGCTGGGGCCAAATGCTGCGTAGTGCCGAACTTGGCAGCAGAAGAGGCCCAAAGGCTTTTGCCCAAAGGCCACGAGGCGCTGCAGCTGCCTTCGGGGAAGCCTTACCTGCGGCTCACCCCAGACCCCAGGGGCTGA. This sequence is further referred to as SEQ ID NO:41:

Thus, still another preferred form of this embodiment relates to a DNAfragment comprising a nucleotide sequence as depicted in SEQ ID NO: 41:

The polypeptides of the present invention can be isolated from Eimeriaparasites using any standard isolation procedure known in the art forisolating Eimeria polypeptides. The polypeptides are e.g. obtainable asdescribed in the Examples. They can be used subsequently for e.g. thepreparation of a vaccine or for raising antibodies.

Alternatively a DNA fragment according to the invention can be expressedin an in vitro expression system and the expression product, thepolypeptide according to the invention, can be used e.g. for vaccine orantibody preparations.

An essential requirement for the expression of the DNA fragment is anadequate promoter operably linked to the fragment. It is obvious tothose skilled in the art that the choice of a promoter extends to anyeukaryotic, prokaryotic or viral promoter capable of directing genetranscription in cells used as host cells for protein expression.

Therefore, a preferred form of this embodiment relates to recombinantDNA fragments, i.e. DNA fragments according to the invention, to whichregulating sequences enabling expression of that nucleic acid sequencehave been added by means of e.g. standard molecular biology techniques.(Maniatis/Sambrook (Sambrook, J. Molecular cloning: a laboratory manual.ISBN 0-87969-309-6))

When the host cells are bacteria, useful expression control sequenceswhich may be used include the Trp promoter and operator (Goeddel, etal., Nul. Acids Res., 8, 4057, 1980); the lac promoter and operator(Chang, et al., Nature, 275, 615, 1978); the outer membrane proteinpromoter (Nakamura, K. and Inouge, M., EMBO J., 1, 771-775, 1982); thebacteriophage lambda promoters and operators (Remaut, E. et al., Nucl.Acids Res., 11, 4677-4688, 1983); the α-amylase (B. subtilis) promoterand operator, termination sequences and other expression enhancement andcontrol sequences compatible with the selected host cell.

When the host cell is yeast, useful expression control sequencesinclude, e.g., α-mating factor. For insect cells the polyhedrin or p10promoters of baculoviruses can be used (Smith, G. E. et al., Mol. Cell.Biol 3, 2156-65, 1983). When the host cell is of mammalian originillustrative useful expression control sequences include the SV-40promoter (Berman, P. W. et al., Science, 22, 524-527, 1983) or themetallothionein promoter (Brinster, R. L., Nature, 296, 39-42, 1982) ora heat shock promoter (Voellmy et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 82,4949-53, 1985). Alternatively, expression control sequences present inEimeria may also be applied. For maximising gene expression, see alsoRoberts and Lauer (Methods in Enzymology, 68, 473, 1979).

Bacterial, yeast, fungal, insect and mammalian cell expression systemsare very frequently used systems. Such systems are well-known in the artand easily available, e.g. commercially through Clontech Laboratories,Inc. 4030 Fabian Way, Palo Alto, Calif. 94303-4607, USA. Next to theseexpression systems, parasite-based expression systems are veryattractive expression systems. Such systems are e.g. described in theFrench Patent Application with Publication number 2 714 074, and inUS-NTIS publication No US 08/043,109 (Hoffman, S and Rogers, W.: public.Date 1 Dec. 1993).

Therefore, in a more preferred form of this embodiment the inventionrelates to a recombinant DNA molecule encoding the polypeptide fragmentunder the control of regulating sequences enabling expression of theprotein encoded by said nucleic acid sequence.

Another embodiment of the invention relates to Live Recombinant Carriers(LRCs) comprising a DNA fragment or a recombinant DNA molecule accordingto the invention encoding a polypeptide according to the invention or animmunogenic fragment thereof. Such Live Recombinant Carriers are e.g.bacteria, parasites and viruses. These LRC micro-organisms aremicro-organisms in which additional genetic information has been cloned.Animals infected with such LRCs will produce an immunogenic response notonly against the immunogens of the LRC, but also against the immunogenicparts of the polypeptide(s) for which the genetic code is additionallycloned into the LRC, e.g. the polypeptide according to the invention.

As an example of bacterial LRCs, attenuated Salmonella strains known inthe art can attractively be used. Also, LRC viruses may be used as a wayof transporting the DNA fragment into a target cell.

Live recombinant carrier parasites have i.a. been described byVermeulen, A. N. (Int. Journ. Parasitol. 28: 1121-1130 (1998))

Live recombinant carrier viruses are also called vector viruses. Thesite of integration of the DNA encoding the polypeptide according to theinvention or an immunogenic fragment thereof may be a site in a viralgene that is not essential to the virus, or a site in an intergenicregion. Viruses often used as vectors are Vaccinia viruses (Panicali etal; Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 79: 4927 (1982), Herpesviruses (E.P.A.0473210A2), and Retroviruses (Valerio, D. et al; in Baum, S. J., Dicke,K. A., Lotzova, E. and Pluznik, D. H. (Eds.), Experimental Haematollogytoday —1988. Springer Verlag, New York: pp. 92-99 (1989)).

Especially fowlpox virus, a vaccinia virus infectious to poultry, andHerpesvirus of Turkeys (HVT) are very attractive live recombinantcarrier viruses for carrying DNA encoding a polypeptide of the inventionor an immunogenic fragment thereof.

The invention also relates to a host cell containing a DNA fragmentaccording to the invention, to a host cell containing a recombinant DNAmolecule containing a DNA fragment according to the invention under thecontrol of regulating sequences enabling expression of the proteinencoded by said nucleic acid sequence and to a host cell containing aLive Recombinant Carrier micro-organism (LCR) containing a DNA fragmentaccording to the invention.

A host cell may be a cell of bacterial origin, e.g. Escherichia coli,Bacillus subtilus and Lactobacillus species, in combination withbacteria-based vectors as pBR322, or bacterial expression vectors aspGEX, or with bacteriophages. The host cell may also be of eukaryoticorigin, e.g. yeast-cells in combination with yeast-specific vectormolecules, or higher eukaryotic cells like insect cells (Luckow et al;Bio-technology 6: 47-55 (1988)) in combination with vectors orrecombinant baculoviruses, plant cells in combination with e.g.Ti-plasmid based vectors or plant viral vectors (Barton, K. A. et al;Cell 32: 1033 (1983), mammalian cells like Hela cells, Chinese HamsterOvary cells (CHO) or Crandell Feline Kidney-cells, also with appropriatevectors or recombinant viruses.

The technique of in vivo homologous recombination, well-known in theart, can be used to introduce a recombinant nucleic acid sequence intothe genome of a bacterium, parasite or virus of choice, capable ofinducing expression of the inserted gene in the host animal.

Another embodiment of the invention relates to vaccines capable ofprotecting poultry against the pathogenic effects of Eimeria infection.Vaccines according to the present invention can be made e.g. by merelyadmixing of a polypeptide according to the invention or an immunogenicfragment thereof and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. Apharmaceutically acceptable carrier is understood to be a compound thatdoes not adversely effect the health of the animal to be vaccinated, atleast not to the extend that the adverse effect is worse than theeffects seen due to illness when the animal is not vaccinated. Apharmaceutically acceptable carrier can be e.g. sterile water or asterile physiological salt solution. In a more complex form, the carriercan e.g. be a buffer.

The vaccine according to the present invention may in a preferredpresentation also contain an adjuvant. Adjuvants in general comprisesubstances that boost the immune response of the host in a non-specificmanner. A number of different adjuvants are known in the art. Examplesof adjuvants are Freunds Complete and Incomplete adjuvant, vitamin E,non-ionic block polymers and polyamines such as dextransulphate,carbopol and pyran. Also very suitable are surface active substancessuch as Span, Tween, hexadecylamine, lysolecitin,methoxyhexadecylglycerol and saponins such as Quill A^((R)). A preferredadjuvant is Quill A. This may be administered at a level of around 150μg/dose (for example). Furthermore, peptides such as muramyldipeptides,dimethylglycine, tuftsin, are often used. Next to these adjuvants,Immune-stimulating Complexes (ISCOMS), mineral oil e.g. Bayol^((R)) orMarkol^((R)), vegetable oils or emulsions thereof and Diluvac^((R))Forte can advantageously be used. The vaccine may also comprise aso-called “vehicle”. A vehicle is a compound to which the polypeptideadheres, without being covalently bound to it. Often used vehiclecompounds are e.g. aluminium hydroxide, -phosphate, sulphate or -oxide,silica, Kaolin, and Bentonite. A special form of such a vehicle, inwhich the antigen is partially embedded in the vehicle, is the so-calledISCOM (EP 109.942, EP 180.564, EP 242.380). A preferred adjuvant isQuill A. This may be administered at a level of around 150 μg/dose (forexample).

Often, the vaccine is mixed with stabilisers, e.g. to protectdegradation-prone polypeptides from being degraded, to enhance theshelf-life of the vaccine, or to improve freeze-drying efficiency.Useful stabilisers are i.a. SPGA (Bovarnik et al; J. Bacteriology 59:509 (1950)), skimmed milk, gelatin, bovine serum albumin, carbohydratese.g. sorbitol, mannitol, trehalose, starch, sucrose, dextran or glucose,proteins such as albumin or casein or degradation products thereof, andbuffers, such as alkali metal phosphates.

Freeze-drying is an efficient method for conservation. Freeze-driedmaterial can be stored and kept viable for many years. Storagetemperatures for freeze-dried material may well be above zero degrees,without being detrimental to the material.

Freeze-drying can be done according to all well-known standardfreeze-drying procedures.

Therefore, in a most preferred embodiment, the vaccine is in afreeze-dried form.

In addition, the vaccine may be suspended in a physiologicallyacceptable diluent. Such a diluent can e.g. be as simple as sterilewater, or a physiological salt solution.

It goes without saying, that other ways of adjuvating, adding vehiclecompounds or diluents, emulsifying or stabilising a polypeptide are alsoembodied in the present invention.

The vaccine according to the invention can be administered in aconventional active immunisation scheme: single or repeatedadministration in a manner compatible with the dosage formulation, andin such amount as will be prophylactically effective, i.e. the amount ofimmunising antigen or recombinant micro-organism capable of expressingsaid antigen that will induce immunity in birds (especially poultry)against challenge by virulent Eimeria parasites. Immunity is defined asthe induction of a significant level of protection in a population ofbirds after vaccination compared to an unvaccinated group.

A vaccine comprising the polypeptide of the invention may reduce thenumber of oocysts shedded by the infected animals. Normally, the sheddedoocysts will infect other animals in the flock. A decrease in the numberof oocysts shedded will then also give a decrease in the number ofanimals which is subsequently infected and also a decrease in the numberof oocysts shedded will give rise to a lesser infectious load.

Furthermore, even without effect on the parasite itself, a vaccine maydecrease the incidence of disease. This is especially so when thesymptoms of the disease are caused by products released by the parasite.Vaccines directed against such products alleviate the symptoms withoutattacking the parasite.

In any event it is preferred that a vaccine of the present invention iscapable of reducing the number of cecal lesions in a bird whenchallenged with a subsequent Eimeria infection.

For live viral vector vaccines the dose rate per chicken may range from10³ to 10⁸ pfu (but even <1000 pfu might be sufficient e.g. for HVT). Atypical subunit vaccine according to the invention comprises 0.1 to 100μg of the polypeptide (or variant or fragment thereof) according to theinvention. Preferably at least 5 μg will be present. Such vaccines canbe administered intradermally, subcutaneously, intramuscularly,intraperitoneally, intravenously, orally or intranasally.

The vaccine according to the invention can also be effectively mixedwith other antigenic components of the same and/or other Eimeriaspecies, and/or with additional immunogens derived from a poultrypathogenic virus or micro-organism and/or nucleic acid sequencesencoding these immunogens.

Such a combination vaccine can decrease the parasitic load in a flock ofbirds and can increase the level of protection against coccidiosis, andin addition protect against other poultry pathogens.

Those other immunogens may e.g. be selected from the group of poultrypathogenic viruses or micro-organisms consisting of Marek's Diseasevirus (MDV), Newcastle Disease virus (NDV), Infectious Bronchitis virus(IBV), Chicken Anaemia Agent (CM), Reo virus, Avian Retro virus, FowlAdeno virus, Turkey Rhinotracheitis virus, Salmonella spp. or E. Coli.Thus a multivalent vaccine may be provided.

Still another embodiment of the invention relates to methods for thepreparation of a vaccine.

Such methods comprise the admixing of a polypeptide according to theinvention or an immunogenic fragment thereof and a pharmaceuticallyacceptable carrier.

An alternative and efficient way of vaccination is direct vaccinationwith DNA encoding the relevant antigen. Direct vaccination with DNAencoding polypeptides has been successful for many differentpolypeptides. (As reviewed in e.g. Donnelly et al., The Immunologist 2:20-26 (1993)). In the field of anti-parasite vaccines, protectionagainst e.g. Plasmodium yoelii has been obtained with DNA-vaccinationwith the Plasmodium yoelii circumsporozoite gene (Vaccine 12: 1529-1533(1994)). Protection against Leishmania major has been obtained withDNA-vaccination with the Leishmania major surface glycoprotein gp63 gene(Vaccine 12: 1534-1536 (1994)).

Antibodies or derivatives thereof (e.g. fragments such as Fab, F(ab′)₂or Fv fragments), which are directed against a polypeptide according tothe invention have potential uses in passive immunotherapy, diagnosticimmunoassays and in the generation of anti-idiotypic antibodies.Preferably these are specific for the Eimeria polypeptides of thepresent invention or variants/fragments thereof. Serum comprisingantibodies or derivatives thereof may also be provided.

The Eimeria polypeptides (or variants or fragments thereof) ascharacterised above can be used to produce antibodies, which may bepolyclonal, monospecific or monoclonal (or derivatives thereof). Ifpolyclonal antibodies are desired, techniques for producing andprocessing polyclonal sera are known in the art (e.g. Mayer and Walter,eds. Immunochemical Methods in Cell and Molecular Biology, AcademicPress, London, 1987).

Monoclonal antibodies, reactive against the Eimeria polypeptides (orvariants or fragments thereof) according to the present invention, canbe prepared by immunising inbred mice by techniques known in the art(Kohler and Milstein, Nature, 256, 495497, 1975).

Anti-idiotypic antibodies are immunoglobulins which carry an “internalimage” of the antigen of the pathogen against which protection isdesired and can be used as an immunogen in a vaccine (Dreesman et al.,J. Infect. Disease, 151, 761, 1985). Techniques for raisinganti-idiotypic antibodies are known in the art (MacNamara et al.,Science 226, 1325, 1984).

Antibodies against any of the polypeptides of the present invention andmade e.g. in one of the manners described above, can be used i.a. forvaccination purposes, especially in immunocompromised animals.

Therefore, still another embodiment of the present invention relates toantibodies against any of the polypeptides according to the invention.

Also the invention relates to methods for the preparation of suchantibodies. Those methods comprise the administration of a polypeptideaccording to the invention to a suitable animal, i.e. an animal capableof making antibodies against polypeptides.

It may be desirable to detect Eimeria as the cause of disease inpoultry: especially early detection of Eimeria infection in a flockoffers the opportunity to take adequate measures for the prevention ofspreading of the infection. Detection of Eimeria infection can be doneby detecting the Eimeria parasite in the host or by detecting hostantibodies against Eimeria.

Detection of Eimeria parasites can be done e.g. as follows: DNA preparedfrom the contents of the digestive tract of a sick animal can be probedwith DNA fragments according to the invention and submitted to standardPolymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). If Eimeria DNA is present, even inextremely low amounts, this will result in a PCR-product, visible onstandard agarose gels after several rounds of PCR. PCR-techniques aree.g. described in Maniatis/Sambrook (Sambrook, J. Molecular cloning: alaboratory manual. ISBN 0-87969-309-6)

Therefore, the invention in still another embodiment relates to methodsfor the detection of Eimeria, which methods comprise incubating a DNApreparation isolated from poultry with a DNA fragment according to theinvention.

Alternatively, antibodies against Eimeria can be detected. Detection ofantibodies can e.g. be done using an ELISA assay, in which a polypeptideaccording to the invention is coated to the wall of an ELISA plate. Thefirst step of such an ELISA may e.g. comprise adding serum of the animalto be tested to the ELISA plate. Antibodies against Eimeria, if presentat all will bind to the polypeptide coated to the wall. The absence orpresence of these antibodies can in a next step i.a. be detected byincubation with a labelled anti-poultry antibody. If antibodies againstEimeria were present in the serum to be tested, the labelledanti-poultry antibody will bind to them and the label will reveal theirpresence. These standard techniques are extensively described in“Antibodies: a laboratory manual” by Harlow, E. and Lane D. ISBN0-87969-314-2

Therefore, the invention in still another embodiment relates to methodsfor the detection of Eimeria, which methods comprise the detection ofhost anti-Eimeria antibodies against any of the polypeptides accordingto the present invention.

EXAMPLES Example 1 Isolation of Proteins and Protein Sequencing

Chickens

Outbred unsexed White Leghorn chickens, raised underspecific-pathogen-free conditions, were kept in isolators with freeaccess to food and water. Faeces were monitored weekly to assure thatthe animals were free of unwanted coccidial infections. For infectionchickens were used at 5-7 weeks of age. For vaccination 3 week oldchickens were used.

Parasites and Purification of Sporozoites

The Weybridge strain of E. tenella was used (Shirley M. W. In: Researchin Avian Coccidiosis. Proceedings of the Georgia Coccidiosis Conference(Eds.: L. R. McDougald, Joyner L. P. and P. L. Long) Athens, Universityof Georgia. pp. 13-35 (1986)). The parasites were passaged at regularintervals through coccidia-free chickens. Handling of oocysts, releaseof sporocysts and sporozoites from sporulated oocysts was performed asdescribed earlier (Long P. L., Millard B. J., Joyner L. P. & Norton C.C. Folia Veterinaria Latina 6, 201-217 (1976)) using 0.4% taurocholate(Sigma, St. Louis, Mo., USA) instead of bile salts (Toyama T. & KitanoN. Japanese Journal of Veterinary Science 45, 139-141 (1983)). Thesporozoites were further purified by nylon wool passage (Larsen R. A.,Kyle J. E., Whitmire W. M. & Speer C. A. Journal of Parasitology 70,597-601 (1984)) and stored as pellets at −70° C.

Sporozoite Protein Fractionation

Triton-X114 extraction

A Triton X-114 extraction was performed to isolate the hydrophilic phaseof total sporozoite proteins (HPS) (Bordier C. Journal of BiologicalChemistry 256, 1604-1607 (1981)). Hereto, 5×10⁹ purified E. tenellasporozoites were suspended (2×10⁸/ml) in 10 mM Tris-HCl, 150 mM NaCl pH7.4 (TBS) supplemented with DNAse (20 μg/ml) and protease inhibitors; 1mM phenylmethyl sulfonyl fluoride (PMSF, Serva, Heidelberg, Germany), 5μg/ml Aprotinine, 1 μg/ml Leupeptin and 1 μg/ml Pepstatin A and sonifiedthree times 20 seconds at position 7, on ice (using a sonifier fromBranson, Soest, The Netherlands). Precondensed Triton X-114 (Serva) inTBS was added to the sporozoite suspension to a final concentration of10% (v/v) and mixed well to dissolve the proteins. Non-solubilisedmaterial was pelleted by centrifugation (20 min 12000 g at 4° C.). Thesupernatant recovered was layered over a 6% sucrose cushion andincubated 15 min 40° C. (phase separation) and spun 10 min 400 g at roomtemperature (RT). Extraction of the hydrophilic fraction was repeatedonce in 10% (v/v) and subsequently in 20% (v/v) precondensed TritonX-114. The total protein concentration was determined using thebichinchonic acid (BCA) assay (Pierce Chemicals, Rockford, Ill., USA).This hydrophilic phase was stored at −70° C. until further use.

Prep-Cell Fractionation

All procedures were performed at 4° C. Prior to fractionation, HPS wasconcentrated by acetone precipitation (HPS:acetone+1:9). Aftercentrifugation for 60 min at 15000 g and 4° C. and air drying, pelletswere dissolved in reducing sample buffer (Laemmli 1970) containing 30mg/ml dithiotreitol (DTT) and boiled 3 min at 100° C. The hydrophilicproteins were fractionated using a 12% (w/v) poly acrylamide (PM)separating gel (7 cm) and a 4% (w/v) PAA stacking gel in the 37 mmdiameter tube of the Bio-Rad Prep-cell apparatus (Bio-Rad Labs,Richmond, Calif.) according to the manufacturer's protocol. ThePrep-cell was operated at 40 mA, 500V max. Fractions (±3 ml) werecollected overnight and stored at −85° C. Samples of the fractions werediluted once in 2× strength reducing sample buffer and analysed withsodium-dodecyl-sulphate polyacrylamide gel-electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE)using a 12% (w/v) PM gel (Laemmli 1970). The gels were silverstainedaccording to Wray et al. (Wray W., Boulikas T., Wray V. P. & Hannock R.(1981) Silver staining of proteins in polyacrylamide). Fifty fractionswere analysed based on their relative molecular mass and dialysedagainst 0.01 M phosphate buffered saline (PBS) pH 7.3. Those fractionscontaining proteins with a M.W. between 26 and 30 kD (+/−5 kD) wereselected for further analysis.

The total protein concentration in the fractions was determined usingthe BCA assay.

Characterisation of Selected Antigens and Protein Sequencing.

Fractions containing polypeptides described under Prep-cellfractionation and ranging from 26-30 kD (±5 kDa, to allow for possiblelimitations in the measurement techniques used) were put on gel forfurther analysis.

They were further fractionated on a preparative 12% (w/v) polyacrylamidegel, stained with Coomassie Brilliant Blue and subsequently excised fromthe gel. Bands from these gels were used for sequencing purposes asdescribed below:

The polypeptides in the gel slices were subjected to tryptic digestionas described by Rosenfeld et al., Anal. Biochem. 203: 173-179 (1992)

Thereafter, the tryptic digests were freed from the gel and pre-purifiedon preparative HPLC using the Trifluoracetic acid (TFA)-system, followedby preparative HPLC using the Ammonium Acetate system. The purifiedpolypeptide fragments were sequenced using the standard Edman method asdescribed (Edman, P., Acta Chem. Scand. 10: 761-768 (1956) and Iluse, D.& Edman, P., Aust. J. Chem. 16: 411-416 (1963)).

Example 2 Isolation/Cloning of DNA and DNA Sequencing

Cloning and sequencing of a fragment of the gene encoding the SOD-like25 kD polypeptide.

mRNA was isolated from E. tenella first generation trophozoites(obtained from MDBK cells infected with freshly excysted sporozoites) at4048 hours after infection using Ultraspec total RNA isolation reagent(Biotecx Lab. inc., Houston, Tex.). 1st strand cDNA was synthesizedusing a SOD-specific backward primer, according to the ambiguity codeGCRAARTCCCARTTIACIAC, which was deduced from a part (WNWDFA) ofoligopeptide YLDAWWSWNWDFANENLK which was isolated and sequenced asdescribed above, and which is part of the sequence given in SEQ IDNO: 1. To the mRNA 0.5 μg primer was added and incubated at 70° C. for10 min. The cDNA synthesis was performed using Superscript reversetranscriptase (cDNA synthesis kit, Gibco BRL). The reaction wasincubated for 50 min at 41° C. The cDNA synthesis was stopped by rapidcooling on ice. Thereafter the cDNA was purified by phenol/chloroformextraction followed by precipitation in ethanol according to standardprocedures (Sambrook T, et al). This specific primed cDNA was subjectedto PCR using the backward primer and a specific forward primer,according to the ambiguity code (CClGAYGCTYTIGARCClTAYAT), which wasdeduced from a part (PDALEPYI) of another oligopeptide,FSLPPLPYKPDALEPYIS, which was isolated and sequenced as described above,and which is also part of the sequence given in SEQ ID NO: 1. Thereaction was run in a GeneAmp PCR system (Perkin Elmer) which wasprogrammed as follows: 10 min 94° C.-1 min 94° C.; 30 sec 55° C.; 90 sec68° C. (30 cycles)-10 min 68° C.; 4° C. The obtained PCR products wererun on a 1% TAE agarose gel containing ethidium bromide. Specific PCRfragments were visualized using UV light and excised from the gel. Thefragments were eluted from the gel by incubating the gel in an equalamount of deionized water overnight. The PCR fragments were cloned intoa pCRII-topo blunt vector (Zero Blunt Topo PCR Cloning kit, Invitrogen,Leek, the Netherlands) according to the specifications of themanufacturer. Using pCRII-topo specific primers the inserted PCRfragment was sequenced using an ABI Prism 310 Genetic Analyzer (PerkinElmer).

Cloning and sequencing of a fragment of the gene encoding theperoxidoxin-like 25 kD polypeptide.

The procedure was similar to the procedure described above, however thebackward primer (TCIGTIGTRCAIACIGGIGTRAARTC) used for specific cDNAsynthesis was deduced from a conserved part (DFTPVCTTE) of peroxidoxinmolecules. In the PCR reaction this backward primer was used incombination with a forward primer (TTYCClGAYTTYCARGCIGARGC) deduced froma part of the isolated oligopeptide (FPDFQAE).

Example 3 Vaccination Experiments

Determination of Vaccine Potential of Selected Polypeptides

Groups of chickens were immunised with the selected polypeptides.Animals received a priming vaccination at day 0 and a boostervaccination at day 21.

Fourteen days after booster vaccination all animals were challenged withE. tenella sporulated oocysts. Seven days later animals were sacrificedto determine the lesion score in the ceca. The group of animalsvaccinated with the polypeptides according to the invention had reducedcecal lesion scores compared to non-vaccinated controls. This reductionwas statistically significant (P<0.05).

Vaccination Experiments

The selected polypeptide volumes are pooled and adjusted to obtain 5-10μg of a polypeptide according to the invention/dose (0.5 ml) unlessotherwise indicated. To each dose 150 μg/dose Quill A (SuperfosBiosector, Vedbaek, Denmark) is added as adjuvant. The different vaccinepreparations are injected subcutaneously in groups of ±10 chickens. Thecontrol group is injected with adjuvant in PBS. After ±3 weeks chickensare boosted with the same preparation, which is prepared freshly fromthe frozen antigen stock.

1-6. (Canceled)
 7. The hydrophilic polypeptide of Eimeria, comprising anamino acid sequence that shares at least 70% homology with a sequenceselected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO:1, SEQ ID NO:2, SEQ IDNO:3, SEQ ID NO; 4, SEQ ID NO:5 and SEQ ID NO:6.
 8. A hydrophilicpolypeptide of Eimeria tenella, comprising an amino acid sequence thatshares at least 70% homology with a sequence selected from the groupconsisting of SEQ ID NO:1, SEQ ID NO:2, SEQ ID NO:3, SEQ ID NO; 4, SEQID NO:5 and SEQ ID NO:6.
 9. An isolated DNA fragment comprising anucleotide sequence encoding a hydrophilic polypeptide or an immunogenicfragment of said polypeptide according to claim
 7. 10. The DNA fragmentaccording to claim 9, which comprises a nucleic acid sequence asdepicted in SEQ ID NO: 39 or a fragment thereof.
 11. The DNA fragmentaccording to claim 9, which comprises a nucleic acid sequence asdepicted in SEQ ID NO: 40 or a fragment thereof.
 12. The DNA fragmentaccording to claim 9, which comprises a nucleic acid sequence asdepicted in SEQ ID NO: 41 or a fragment thereof.
 13. A recombinantmolecule comprising a DNA fragment according to claim
 9. 14. A liverecombinant carrier comprising a DNA fragment according to claim
 9. 15.A host cell comprising a DNA fragment according to claim
 9. 16. Avaccine for the protection of poultry against Eimeria infection,comprising at least one immunogen selected from the group consisting ofa hydrophilic polypeptide according to claim 7; an isolated DNA fragmentcomprising a nucleotide sequence encoding a hydrophilic polypeptide oran immunogenic fragment of said polypeptide according to claim 7; arecombinant DNA molecule comprising said DNA fragment; a liverecombinant carrier comprising said DNA fragment or recombinant DNAmolecule; and a host cell comprising said DNA fragment, said recombinantDNA molecule or said live recombinant carrier; and a pharmaceuticallyacceptable carrier.
 17. The vaccine according to claim 16, whichadditionally comprises an adjuvant.
 18. The vaccine according to claim16, which comprises at least one additional immunogen of a poultrypathogen.
 19. The vaccine according to claim 18, wherein the at leastone poultry pathogen is selected from the group consisting of Marek'sDisease virus (MDV), Newcastle Disease virus (MDV), InfectiousBronchitis virus (IBV), Chicken Anaemia Agent (CAA), Reovirus, AvianRetrovirus, Fowl Adenovirus, Turkey Rhinotracheitis virus, Salmonellaspp. and E. coli.
 20. The vaccine according to claim 16 which is infreeze-dried form.
 21. An antibody raised against a polypeptideaccording to claim
 7. 22. A method for the preparation of antibodiesagainst a polypeptide according to claim 3, which comprisesadministering said polypeptide to a suitable animal.
 23. (Canceled) 24.A method for the preparation of a vaccine for combatting Eimeriainfections, comprising admixing antibodies according to claim 21 with apharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
 25. A method for the detection ofEimeria parasites in poultry, comprising incubating a DNA preparationfrom the poultry with a DNA fragment according to claim 9, whereby thedetection of hybrids is indicative of the presence of Eimeria in the DNApreparation.
 26. A method for the detection of antibodies againstEimeria parasites in poultry serum, comprising incubating said serumwith the hydrophilic polypeptide according to claim 7, whereby theformation of a complex between the polypeptide and antibodies in theserum indicates a positive result.
 27. A live recombinant carriercomprising a recombinant DNA molecule according to claim
 13. 28. A hostcell comprising a recombinant DNA molecule according to claim
 13. 29. Ahost cell comprising a live recombinant carrier according to claim 14.